Tourette Syndrome

Proper Name:
Tourette's disorder per the DSM-IV-TR

Common Name:
Tourette's or TS

Age of Onset:
Before the age of 18

Duration:
This condition is usually lifelong, but it is common for younger children to grow out of the tics.

Males/Females/Ethnic Groups:
The trait is carried on the X-chromosome so males are more likely to show symptoms of this disorder.

Causes:
It is a genetic disorder caused by an abnormal metabolism of the neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin are involved with the disorder). Prenatal, perinatal, autoimmune, and environmental factors also contribute to the severity of symptoms.

Symptoms:
Involuntary tics, ranging from sudden jerky movements to complex physical rituals. Tics can also include meaningless vocalizations.

Prognosis:
This disease is generally lifelong, but it is not a degenerative condition. It has a normal life expectancy and does not impair intelligence. Some people simply grow out of their tics, but emotional/behavioral problems usually persist.

Treatment:
Medication is used to lessen tics, but most people are referred to a psychiatrist. Often time this illness comes with other personality disorders and combining too many behavior modification drugs could have adverse effects.

Sources:
http://members.tripod.com/~tourette13/